banmal
Also written: informal speech; casual speech; non-honorific speech
Informal Korean speech used among people who are close, the same age, or in a clearly senior-to-junior relationship; it can also sound rude when used without permission or appropriate status.
Literal meaning
half speech
Cultural context
Switching from jondaetmal to banmal is a social negotiation, not merely a grammar exercise. It can mark friendship, intimacy, equality, authority, disrespect, or an intentional breach of boundaries.
How dramas use it
A character asking 'Shall we speak informally?' often marks a relationship milestone. Sudden banmal can also expose arrogance, anger, contempt, or the speaker’s assumption of superiority.
Usage & formality
Banmal is not automatically friendly. Between strangers or toward an elder or superior, it may be insulting. Tone, age, rank, and consent all matter.